Recession in the Nigerian economy and the recent slow-down in Nigeria’s aggregate economic performance have, in part, been a result of the weak performance of the oil and gas sector which resulted both from the sharp drop in global oil prices and the loss of production capacity arising from the domestic challenges in the Niger Delta; and, in part, been problems associated with institutions for sound economic governance. The fall in oil prices from over $100 to less than $50 per barrel dramatically affected Nigeria’s GDP output. However, as this book rightly argues, while the above may well be the most immediate reasons, the roots of our current conundrum are deeper. Simply put, Nigeria, despite a preponderant of historical opportunities to develop a strong industrial manufacturing base, progressively descended into a consumption economy and there is much scope for consolidating institution for sound economic governance and achieving coherence between fiscal, monetary and structural reform policies.